Google Interview Question for Software Engineers


Country: United States
Interview Type: Phone Interview




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3
of 3 vote

bfs

- Inno August 30, 2018 | Flag Reply
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2
of 2 vote

Perform a simple BFS on the graph and add the points to the queue until you find a building. I present a simple solution in Python below.

Code

from collections import deque

# This function returns the minimum cost
def bfs(googleMap, employeeLocation):
  if not googleMap or not googleMap[0] or not employeeLocation:
    return 0

  minCost = 0
  pathToBuilding = []
  rows, cols = len(googleMap), len(googleMap[0])
  # Perform a BFS here
  startX, startY = employeeLocation
  queue = deque([(startX, startY, 0, [])])
  visited = set([(employeeLocation)])

  while queue:
    x, y, currCost, path = queue.popleft()

    if googleMap[x][y] == 'B': # Destination Reached
      minCost = currCost
      pathToBuilding = path
      break

    for nextX, nextY, dir in [(x, y+1, 'R'), (x+1, y, 'D'), (x, y-1,'L'), (x-1, y, 'U')]:
      if 0 <= nextX < rows and 0 <= nextY < cols \
          and googleMap[nextX][nextY] != '#'\
          and (nextX, nextY) not in visited:

        visited.add((nextX, nextY))
        queue.append((nextX, nextY, currCost + 1, path + [dir]))

  return (minCost, pathToBuilding)

Test Code

# Test Case 1
googleMap = [
  ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '#'],
  ['.', '.', 'E', '.', '.', '#'],
  ['#', '#', '#', '#', '.', '#'],
  ['.', 'B', '.', '.', '.', '.'],
  ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'B']
]
print(bfs(googleMap, (1, 2)))
# OUTPUTS: (6, ['R', 'R', 'D', 'D', 'R', 'D'])

# Test Case 2
googleMap = [
  ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '#'],
  ['.', '.', 'E', '.', '.', '#'],
  ['#', '#', '#', '#', '.', '#'],
  ['B', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'],
  ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.']
]
print(bfs(googleMap, (1, 2)))
# OUTPUTS: (8, ['R', 'R', 'D', 'D', 'L', 'L', 'L', 'L'])

- prudent_programmer September 23, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

Start with the B in the queue and then pop it by exploring nearby points which are vacant and simultaneously pushing them in queue, as in Breadth First Search in Graph, maintain a cost matrix and fill simultaneously, untill you reach E or you have nothing in queue. The cost corresponding to E in matrix will be the answer.

- deepaklather2709 August 30, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

A*

- avv August 30, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

BFS

#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Point
{
    public:
        Point(int r, int c)
        {
            r_ = r;
            c_ = c;
        }
        int r_, c_;
};

Point NearestBike(vector<vector<char>> map, const Point& start)
{
    queue<Point> q;
    q.push(start);
    while (!q.empty())
    {
        Point p = q.front();
        q.pop();
        int r = p.r_;
        int c = p.c_;
        if (r >= 0 &&
            r < map.size() &&
            c >= 0 &&
            c < map[r].size() &&
            map[r][c] != '#' &&
            map[r][c] != 0)
        {
            if (map[r][c] == 'B')
            {
                return p;
            }
            map[r][c] = 0;
            q.push(Point(r + 1, c));
            q.push(Point(r - 1, c));
            q.push(Point(r, c + 1));
            q.push(Point(r, c - 1));
        }
    }
    return Point(-1, -1);
}

int main()
{
    Point p = NearestBike(
            {
                    {'.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '#'},
                    {'.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '#'},
                    {'#', '#', '#', '#', '.', '#'},
                    {'.', 'B', '.', '.', '.', '.'},
                    {'.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'B'},
            },
            Point(1, 2)
    );
    cout << p.r_ << ", " << p.c_ << "\n";
    return 0;
}

- Alex October 18, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

Python

def trace(*txt):
    traceOn = False
    if traceOn:
        print(*txt)

class Bike:
    def __init__(self,gmap):
        assert len(gmap) > 0
        assert len(gmap[0]) > 0
        self._m = gmap
        print("Got new map! %dx%d"%(len(gmap),len(gmap[0])))
        
    def findRoute(self, *pos):
        visited = {pos: None} # position -> (tuple for direction, prev y, prev x)
        stack = [pos]
        gm = self._m
        h,w = len(gm), len(gm[0])
        y, x = pos

        trace("Start at ", pos)
        if y < 0 or x < 0 or y >= h or x >= w:
            print("You are out of map, too bad: %s\n\n"%(str(pos)))
            return
        
        while len(stack):
            prevY, prevX = stack[0]
            
            for a,y,x in [('U', prevY - 1, prevX), 
                          ('D', prevY + 1, prevX),
                          ('L', prevY, prevX - 1),
                          ('R', prevY, prevX + 1)]:
                trace("try: %s %u,%u"%(a,y,x))
                if y < 0 or x < 0 or y >= h or x >= w:
                    trace("out of map: %s %u,%u"%(a,y,x))
                    continue
                if (y,x) in visited:
                    trace("already visited: %s %u,%u"%(a,y,x))
                    continue 
                obj = gm[y][x]
                if obj == '#':
                    continue # skip wall
                trace("new area: %s %u,%u reached from %u,%u"%(a,y,x,prevY,prevX))
                visited[(y,x)] = (a, prevY, prevX)
                stack.append((y,x))
                
                if obj == 'B':
                    print("Bike found!")
                    print("Follow me: ")
                    path = []
                    # print pretty map and instructions
                    trace("\n".join([str(pos)+"->"+str(prev) for pos,prev in visited.items()] ))
                    while visited[(y,x)]:
                        m = visited[(y,x)]
                        a,y,x=m
                        trace("adding: ", m)
                        path.insert(0, m)
                    print("".join([a for a,_,_ in path]))
                    plan = [list(r) for r in gm]
                    trace(plan)
                    for a,y,x in path:
                        if plan[y][x] != 'B':
                            plan[y][x] = '*' if (y,x) != pos else "E"
                    for r in range(len(plan)):
                        print("%s\t\t%s"%(gm[r], "".join(plan[r])))
                    print ("\n")
                    return
                
            del stack[0]
        print("I can't reach the bike! My position is ", pos)
        print("\n".join(gm))
        print("\n")


b1 = Bike(["..#...#..",  
           "....#...B"])
b1.findRoute(0,0)
b1.findRoute(len(b1._m),0)
b1.findRoute(0,len(b1._m[0]))

bb = Bike(["..#...#..",  
           "....#.#.B"])
bb.findRoute(0,0)


b2 = Bike([".#",  
           ".#",
           "..",
           "#.",
           ".B"])
b2.findRoute(0,0)

b3 = Bike([".....#",  
           ".....#",
           "####.#",
           ".B....",
           ".....B"])
b3.findRoute(1,3)

b4= Bike([".....#..#.....#...#",  
          ".#####..#..#..#...#",
          "...........#......#",
          "..#...#..#######..#",
          "..###.#......#....#",
          "......#........#..#",
          ".##.######..#..#..#",
          "..#..B.#....#......"])
b4.findRoute(0,0)
b4.findRoute(0,10)
b4.findRoute(7,18)

Output:

Got new map! 2x9
Bike found!
Follow me: 
DRRRURRDRRR
..#...#..		E.#***#..
....#...B		****#***B


You are out of map, too bad: (2, 0)


You are out of map, too bad: (0, 9)


Got new map! 2x9
I can't reach the bike! My position is  (0, 0)
..#...#..
....#.#.B


Got new map! 5x2
Bike found!
Follow me: 
DDRDD
.#		E#
.#		*#
..		**
#.		#*
.B		.B


Got new map! 5x6
Bike found!
Follow me: 
RDDDR
.....#		.....#
.....#		...E*#
####.#		####*#
.B....		.B..*.
.....B		....*B


Got new map! 8x19
Bike found!
Follow me: 
DDDDDRRRDDRR
.....#..#.....#...#		E....#..#.....#...#
.#####..#..#..#...#		*#####..#..#..#...#
...........#......#		*..........#......#
..#...#..#######..#		*.#...#..#######..#
..###.#......#....#		*.###.#......#....#
......#........#..#		****..#........#..#
.##.######..#..#..#		.##*######..#..#..#
..#..B.#....#......		..#**B.#....#......


Bike found!
Follow me: 
DDLLLLLDDDLLDDRR
.....#..#.....#...#		.....#..#.E...#...#
.#####..#..#..#...#		.#####..#.*#..#...#
...........#......#		.....******#......#
..#...#..#######..#		..#..*#..#######..#
..###.#......#....#		..###*#......#....#
......#........#..#		...***#........#..#
.##.######..#..#..#		.##*######..#..#..#
..#..B.#....#......		..#**B.#....#......


Bike found!
Follow me: 
LLLLUULLULLLLUULLLDDDLLDDRR
.....#..#.....#...#		.....#..#.....#...#
.#####..#..#..#...#		.#####..#..#..#...#
...........#......#		.....****..#......#
..#...#..#######..#		..#..*#.*#######..#
..###.#......#....#		..###*#.*****#....#
......#........#..#		...***#.....***#..#
.##.######..#..#..#		.##*######..#.*#..#
..#..B.#....#......		..#**B.#....#.****E

- Diana.Savvatina November 09, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

package cup.google;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;



public class NearestBike {






/* You are given a campus map with the Google buildings, roads and Google
bikes. You have to help the employee find the nearest Google bike.

Campus map:


. - Free path/road
# - Building
B - Google bike

Employee location - (x, y) - (1, 2)

. . . . . #
. . E . . #
# # # # . #
. B . . . .
. . . . . B
*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] matrix = {{0,0,0,0,0,1},{0,0,0,0,0,1},{1,1,1,1,0,1},{0,2,0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0,0,2}};
Point employee = new Point(1,2);
bfsBikeSearch(matrix, employee);



}


public static List<Point> getAdjacentPaths(int[][] matrix, Point start){

List<Point> adjacnetPaths = new ArrayList<NearestBike.Point>();

if(start.x-1>=0 && matrix[start.x-1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x-1,start.y));
if(start.x+1 < matrix.length && matrix[start.x+1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x+1,start.y));
if(start.y-1 >=0 && matrix[start.x][start.y-1] !=1 ) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y-1));
if(start.y+1 < matrix[0].length && matrix[start.x][start.y+1] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y+1));

return adjacnetPaths;

}


public static void bfsBikeSearch(int[][] matrix, Point employee){

if(matrix[employee.x][employee.y] == 2) {

System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + employee.x + "," + employee.y + ")"); return;

}

Queue<Point> queue = new LinkedList<Point>();

Set<Point> visited = new HashSet<NearestBike.Point>();

visited.add(employee);

queue.add(employee);



while(!queue.isEmpty()){

Point loc = queue.remove();

List<Point> neighbors = getAdjacentPaths(matrix, loc);

for(Point neighbor : neighbors){

if(!visited.contains(neighbor)){

if(matrix[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] == 2){
System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + neighbor.x + "," + neighbor.y + ")"); return;

}else{
visited.add(neighbor);
queue.add(neighbor);
}
}

}
}
}



static class Point{


@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + x;
result = prime * result + y;
return result;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Point other = (Point) obj;
if (x != other.x)
return false;
if (y != other.y)
return false;
return true;
}



int x;
int y;

public Point(int x, int y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;

}

public Point(){

}

}



}

- Anonymous November 15, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

package cup.google;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;



public class NearestBike {
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/*  You are given a campus map with the Google buildings, roads and Google 
		bikes. You have to help the employee find the nearest Google bike. 
		
		Campus map:
		
		
		. - Free path/road
		# - Building
		B - Google bike
		
		Employee location - (x, y) - (1, 2)
		
		. . . . . #
		. . E . . #
		# # # # . #
		. B . . . .
		. . . . . B
	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		int[][] matrix = {{0,0,0,0,0,1},{0,0,0,0,0,1},{1,1,1,1,0,1},{0,2,0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0,0,2}};
		Point employee = new Point(1,2);
		bfsBikeSearch(matrix, employee);
		
		
		
	}
	
	
	public static List<Point> getAdjacentPaths(int[][] matrix, Point start){
		
		List<Point> adjacnetPaths = new ArrayList<NearestBike.Point>();
		
		if(start.x-1>=0 && matrix[start.x-1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x-1,start.y));
		if(start.x+1 < matrix.length && matrix[start.x+1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x+1,start.y));
		if(start.y-1 >=0 && matrix[start.x][start.y-1] !=1 ) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y-1));
		if(start.y+1 < matrix[0].length && matrix[start.x][start.y+1] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y+1));

		return adjacnetPaths;
		
	}
	
	
	public static void bfsBikeSearch(int[][] matrix, Point employee){
		 
		if(matrix[employee.x][employee.y] == 2) {
			
			System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + employee.x + ","  + employee.y + ")"); return;
			
		}
		
		Queue<Point> queue = new LinkedList<Point>();
		
		Set<Point> visited = new HashSet<NearestBike.Point>();
		
		visited.add(employee);
		
		queue.add(employee);
		
		
		
		while(!queue.isEmpty()){
			
		Point loc = queue.remove();
		
	    List<Point> neighbors = getAdjacentPaths(matrix, loc);
	    
	    for(Point neighbor : neighbors){
	    	
	    	if(!visited.contains(neighbor)){
	    		
	    		if(matrix[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] == 2){
	    			System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + neighbor.x + ","  + neighbor.y + ")"); return;

	    		}else{
	    			visited.add(neighbor);
	    			queue.add(neighbor);
	    		}
            }
	    	
	    }
		}
	}

static class Point{


@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + x;
result = prime * result + y;
return result;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Point other = (Point) obj;
if (x != other.x)
return false;
if (y != other.y)
return false;
return true;
}



int x;
int y;

public Point(int x, int y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;

}

public Point(){

}

}



}

- cci November 15, 2018 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

package cup.google;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;



public class NearestBike {
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/*  You are given a campus map with the Google buildings, roads and Google 
		bikes. You have to help the employee find the nearest Google bike. 
		
		Campus map:
		
		
		. - Free path/road
		# - Building
		B - Google bike
		
		Employee location - (x, y) - (1, 2)
		
		. . . . . #
		. . E . . #
		# # # # . #
		. B . . . .
		. . . . . B
	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		int[][] matrix = {{0,0,0,0,0,1},{0,0,0,0,0,1},{1,1,1,1,0,1},{0,2,0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0,0,2}};
		Point employee = new Point(1,2);
		bfsBikeSearch(matrix, employee);
		
		
		
	}
	
	
	public static List<Point> getAdjacentPaths(int[][] matrix, Point start){
		
		List<Point> adjacnetPaths = new ArrayList<NearestBike.Point>();
		
		if(start.x-1>=0 && matrix[start.x-1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x-1,start.y));
		if(start.x+1 < matrix.length && matrix[start.x+1][start.y] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x+1,start.y));
		if(start.y-1 >=0 && matrix[start.x][start.y-1] !=1 ) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y-1));
		if(start.y+1 < matrix[0].length && matrix[start.x][start.y+1] !=1) adjacnetPaths.add(new Point(start.x,start.y+1));

		return adjacnetPaths;
		
	}
	
	
	public static void bfsBikeSearch(int[][] matrix, Point employee){
		 
		if(matrix[employee.x][employee.y] == 2) {
			
			System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + employee.x + ","  + employee.y + ")"); return;
			
		}
		
		Queue<Point> queue = new LinkedList<Point>();
		
		Set<Point> visited = new HashSet<NearestBike.Point>();
		
		visited.add(employee);
		
		queue.add(employee);
		
		
		
		while(!queue.isEmpty()){
			
		Point loc = queue.remove();
		
	    List<Point> neighbors = getAdjacentPaths(matrix, loc);
	    
	    for(Point neighbor : neighbors){
	    	
	    	if(!visited.contains(neighbor)){
	    		
	    		if(matrix[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] == 2){
	    			System.out.println("Fount bike at employee location (" + neighbor.x + ","  + neighbor.y + ")"); return;

	    		}else{
	    			visited.add(neighbor);
	    			queue.add(neighbor);
	    		}
            }
	    	
	    }
		}
	}
	
	
	
	static class Point{
		
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			final int prime = 31;
			int result = 1;
			result = prime * result + x;
			result = prime * result + y;
			return result;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
			if (this == obj)
				return true;
			if (obj == null)
				return false;
			if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
				return false;
			Point other = (Point) obj;
			if (x != other.x)
				return false;
			if (y != other.y)
				return false;
			return true;
		}

		
		
		int x;
		int y;
		
		public Point(int x, int y){
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
			
		}
		
		public Point(){
			
		}
		
	}
	
	

}

- hojoborolo.ultopalta November 15, 2018 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

static final int [][] DIRS = { {-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1} };

	static class Coordinate {
	  int i;
	  int j;
	  int distance;
	  public Coordinate(int i, int j, int distance) {
	    this.i = i;
	    this.j = j;
	    this.distance = distance;
	  }
	  
	  @Override 
	  public String toString() {
		  return "(" + this.i + ", " + this.j + ") " + this.distance;
	  }
	}

	public static Coordinate findNearestBike(char [][] campus, Coordinate start) {
		
	    Queue<Coordinate> q = new LinkedList<>();

	    Coordinate min = new Coordinate(-1, -1, campus.length * campus[0].length + 1);
	    boolean [][] visited = new boolean[campus.length][campus[0].length];
	    q.add(start);
	    visited[start.i][start.j] = true;

	    while (!q.isEmpty()) {
	        Coordinate top = q.poll();
	        if (campus[top.i][top.j] == 'B') {
	          if (top.distance < min.distance) {
	            min.distance = top.distance;
	            min.i = top.i;
	            min.j = top.j;
	          }
	        }

	        for (int [] dir : DIRS) {
	            
	            int i = top.i + dir[0];
	            int j = top.j + dir[1];

	            if (i < 0 || i >= campus.length || j < 0 || j >= campus[0].length) continue;
	            if (campus[i][j] == '#' || visited[i][j]) continue;

	            q.add(new Coordinate(i, j, top.distance + 1));
	            visited[i][j] = true;
	        }

	    }

	    return min;
	}

		char grid[][] = { {'-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '#'}, 
						  {'-', '-', 'E', '-', '-', '#'},
						  {'#', '#', '#', '#', '-', '#'},
						  {'-', 'B', '-', '-', '-', '-'},
						  {'-', '-', '-', '-', '-', 'B'} 
						};
		
		System.out.println(findNearestBike(grid, new Coordinate(1, 2, 0)).toString());

prints (4, 5) 6

- kaze January 06, 2019 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

public class GoogleCampusQuestion {
    final static private int BUILDING = 1;
    final static private int BIKE = 2;

    static class Point{
        public int x;
        public int y;
        public int step;
        public Point(int x, int y,int step){
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
            this.step = step;
        }
    }

    public static int numOfStepsToNearestBike(int[][] campus, int campusWidth, int campusHeight, int row, int col) {
        Queue<Point> points = new LinkedList<>();
        Set<Point> visited = new HashSet<>();
        Point firstPosition = new Point(col,row,0);
        points.add(firstPosition);
        visited.add(firstPosition);
        int minSteps = campusWidth*campusHeight;
        while(!points.isEmpty()) {
            Point p = points.remove();
            if(p.step > minSteps)
                continue;
            if(campus[p.y][p.x] == BIKE){
                if(p.step < minSteps)
                    minSteps = p.step;
            }
            Point right = new Point(p.x + 1,p.y,p.step + 1);
            if(isValidMove(campus,campusWidth,campusHeight,right,visited)){
                points.add(right);
                visited.add(right);
            }
            Point up = new Point(p.x,p.y + 1,p.step + 1);
            if(isValidMove(campus,campusWidth,campusHeight,up,visited)){
                points.add(up);
                visited.add(up);
            }
            Point left = new Point(p.x - 1,p.y,p.step + 1);
            if(isValidMove(campus,campusWidth,campusHeight,left,visited)){
                points.add(left);
                visited.add(left);
            }
            Point down = new Point(p.x,p.y - 1,p.step + 1);
            if(isValidMove(campus,campusWidth,campusHeight,down,visited)){
                points.add(down);
                visited.add(down);
            }
        }
        return minSteps;
    }

    private static boolean isValidMove(int[][] campus, int campusWidth, int campusHeight,Point point,Set<Point> visited) {
        if (point.x >= campusWidth || point.y >= campusHeight || point.x < 0 || point.y < 0)
            return false;
        int position = campus[point.y][point.x];
        return position != BUILDING && !visited.contains(point);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int[][] board = new int[][]{
                {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0}
        };
        int width = 10;
        int height = 5;
        int row = 0;
        int col = 0;
        int minSteps = numOfStepsToNearestBike(board,width,height, row, col);
        System.out.println(minSteps);
    }

}

- Roi March 26, 2019 | Flag Reply
Comment hidden because of low score. Click to expand.
0
of 0 vote

I think this problem should be done with simultaneous BFS, i.e BFS from all the Bs to E at the same time. And on every new node (spot), if it has already been visited (let's say by B1) that means it is at a shorter distance from other B1 than the one currently in execution (let's say B2), so it should not be visited by B2, nor should B2 visit that node's neighbors.

- Minhaz May 24, 2019 | Flag Reply


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