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dynamic_cast can only be used with pointers and references to classes (or with void*). Its purpose is to ensure that the result of the type conversion points to a valid complete object of the destination pointer type.
- Rohit Hajare March 14, 2016This naturally includes pointer upcast (converting from pointer-to-derived to pointer-to-base), in the same way as allowed as an implicit conversion.
But dynamic_cast can also downcast (convert from pointer-to-base to pointer-to-derived) polymorphic classes (those with virtual members) if -and only if- the pointed object is a valid complete object of the target type.
The dynamic_cast operator is intended to be the most heavily used RTTI component. It doesn't give us what type of object a pointer points to. Instead, it answers the question of whether we can safely assign the address of an object to a pointer of a particular type.
Unlike other casts, a dynamic_cast involves a run-time type check. If the object bound to the pointer is not an object of the target type, it fails and the value is 0. If it's a reference type when it fails, then an exception of type bad_cast is thrown. So, if we want dynamic_cast to throw an exception (bad_cast) instead of returning 0, cast to a reference instead of to a pointer. Note also that the dynamic_cast is the only cast that relies on run-time checking.