Amazon Interview Question
SDE1sCountry: India
Interview Type: In-Person
In an extremely rough and simplified sketch, assuming the simplest possible HTTP request, no proxies and IPv4 (this would work similarly for IPv6-only client, but I have yet to see such workstation):
browser checks cache; if requested object is in cache and is fresh, skip to #9
browser asks OS for server's IP address
OS makes a DNS lookup and replies the IP address to the browser
browser opens a TCP connection to server (this step is much more complex with HTTPS)
browser sends the HTTP request through TCP connection
browser receives HTTP response and may close the TCP connection, or reuse it for another request
browser checks if the response is a redirect (3xx result status codes), authorization request (401), error (4xx and 5xx), etc.; these are handled differently from normal responses (2xx)
if cacheable, response is stored in cache
browser decodes response (e.g. if it's gzipped)
browser determines what to do with response (e.g. is it a HTML page, is it an image, is it a sound clip?)
browser renders response, or offers a download dialog for unrecognized types
Again, discussion of each of these points have filled countless pages; take this as a starting point. Also, there are many other things happening in parallel to this (processing typed-in address, adding page to browser history, displaying progress to user, notifying plugins and extensions, rendering the page while it's downloading, pipelining, connection tracking for keep-alive, etc.).
Stackoverflow.com has a question on this with descriptive answers. The question to search for is "what-happens-when-you-type-in-a-url-in-browser"
- Sandeep June 07, 2014