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What is Just In Time (JIT)?
Ans. Just in Time (JIT) is a compiler in the CLR that is responsible for executing .NET programs of different languages. This is done by converting them into machine code. It speeds up the execution of code and supports multiple platforms. There are three types of Just In Time compilers including:
1. Pre-JIT compiler: It compiles all source code into the machine code in one compilation cycle, i.e. at the time of application deployment.
2. Normal JIT compiler: Source code methods needed at the run-time, are compiled into the machine code and is stored in the cache that is to be called later.
3. Econo JIT compiler: Methods required only at the run-time are compiled through this compiler and are not stored for use in the future.

What is a PE file?
Ans. PE stands for Portable Executable. It is a derivative of the Microsoft Common Object File Format (COFF). Windows executable, .EXE or DLL files follow the PE file format. It consists of four parts:
1. PE/COFF headers- Contains information regarding .EXE or DLL file.
2. CLR header- Contains information about CLR & memory management.
3. CLR data- Contains metadata of DDLs and MSIL code generated by compilers.
4. Native image section- Contains sections like .data, .rdata, .rsrc, .text etc.

How do we execute managed code?
Ans. To execute managed code, we can follow these steps:
• Select a language compiler depending on the language of the code.
• Convert the code into Intermediate language using its compiler.
• The IL is then targeted to CLR which transforms the code into native code using JIT.
• Execute Native code.

What are the different events in the Page Life Cycle?
Ans. Different events in the Page Life Cycle include:
• Page_PreInit
• Page_Init
• Page_InitComplete
• Page_PreLoad
• Page_Load
• Page_LoadComplete
• Page_PreRender
• Render

Name different types of constructors in C#.
Ans. Different types of constructors in C# are Copy Constructor, Default Constructor, Parameterized constructor, Private Constructor, and Static Constructor.

what is LINQ?
Ans. LINQ notices to Language Integrated Query. It was introduced with visual studio 2008 and is a uniform query syntax in C# and VB.NET for data retrieval from different sources and data manipulation irrespective of the data source.

What is HTTPhandler?
Ans. HttpHandler is a low-level request and response API in ASP.Net. It is used by the ASP.NET web application server to handle specific extension-based requests.

10). Name some of the disadvantages of cookies?
The main disadvantages of cookies include:

• Possible security risk, as they are stored in a clear text.
• Not secure, as encryption & decryption is easy.
• Cookies can be disabled on any user’s computer.
• Can be edited or deleted.
• Cookies can store limited data.

9). Differentiate between boxing and Unboxing.

Boxing:
*Implicit conversion.
*Object type refers to the value type.
*int n = 12;
object ob = n;

Unboxing:
*Explicit conversion.
*Retrieve value from the boxed object.
*int m = (int) ob;

8). what are the consideration in deciding to use .NET Remoting or ASP.NET Web Services?

Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control both ends of the application involved in the communication process. Web Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of information. Web Services are best when you need to communicate with an external organization or another (non-.NET) technology.

7). what is "Common Language Runtime" (CLR)?

CLR is .NET equivalent of Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is the runtime that converts a MSIL code into the host machine language code, which is then executed appropriately. The CLR is the execution engine for .NET Framework applications. It provides a number of services, including:

- Code management (loading and execution).
- Application memory isolation.
- Verification of type safety.
- Conversion of IL to native code.
- Access to metadata (enhanced type information).
- Managing memory for managed objects.
- Enforcement of code access security.
- Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions.
- Inter operation between managed code, COM objects, and per-existing DLL's (unmanaged code and data)
- Automation of object layout.
- Support for developer services (profiling, debugging, and so on).

6). what is "Common Language Specification" (CLS)?

CLS is the collection of the rules and constraints that every language (that seeks to achieve .NET compatibility) must follow. It is a subsection of CTS and it specifies how it shares and extends one another libraries.

5). what is "Common Type System" (CTS)?

CTS define all of the basic types that can be used in the .NET Framework and the operations performed on those type. All this time we have been talking about language interoperability, and .NET Class Framework. None of this is possible without all the language sharing the same data types. What this means is that an int should mean the same in VB, VC++, C# and all other .NET compliant languages. This is achieved through introduction of Common Type System (CTS).

4). what is the difference between "using System. Data;" and directly adding the reference from "Add References Dialog Box"?

When u compiles a program using command line, u add the references using /r switch. When you compile a program using Visual Studio, it adds those references to our assembly, which are added using "Add Reference" dialog box. While "using" statement facilitates us to use classes without using their fully qualified names.
For example: if u have added a reference to "System.Data.SqlClient" using "Add Reference" dialog box then u can use SqlConnection class like this:
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
But if u add a "using System.Data.SqlClient" statement at the start of our code then u can directly use SqlConnection class. On the other hand if u add a reference using "using System.Data.SqlClient" statement, but don't add it using "Add Reference" dialog box, Visual Studio will give error message while we compile the program.

3). what is a component?

Component is a group of logically related classes and methods. A component is a class that implements the I Component interface or uses a class that implements I Component interface.

2). what is inheritance hierarchy?

The class which derives functionality from a base class is called a derived class. A derived class can also act as a base class for another class. Thus it is possible to create a tree-like structure that illustrates the relationship between all related classes. This structure is known as the inheritance hierarchy.

1). what is .NET?

.NET is essentially a framework for software development. It is similar in nature to any other software development framework (J2EE etc) in that it provides a set of runtime containers/capabilities, and a rich set of pre-built functionality in the form of class libraries and APIs
The .NET Framework is an environment for building, deploying, and running Web Services and other applications. It consists of three main parts: the Common Language Runtime, the Framework classes, and ASP.NET.

What is Data abstraction?
Abstraction is an OOPS concept to construct the structure of the real world objects. During this construction only the general states and behaviors are taken and more specific states and behaviors are left aside for the implementers.

What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism is the occurrence of something in various forms. Java supports various forms of polymorphism like polymorphic reference variables, polymorphic method, polymorphic return types and polymorphic argument types.

What is Inheritance?
A subclass can inherit the states and behaviors of it’s super class is known as inheritance.

What is Encapsulation ?
Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class

What are the 4 OOPs principles in java?

a. Abstraction
b. Encapsulation
c. Polymorphism
d. Inheritance

what is class and objects;
Class: A class is a blueprint or template of an object.
Objects: An object is a real-world entity that has attributes, behavior, and properties. It is referred to as an instance of the class.

The purpose of using OOPs concepts?
The aim of OOP is to implement real-world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism in programming. The main purpose of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function.

What do you understand by OOP?
OOP stands for object-oriented programming. It is a programming paradigm that revolves around the object rather than function and procedure. In other words, it is an approach for developing applications that emphasize on objects. An object is a real word entity that contains data and code. It allows binding data and code together

differences between object-oriented programming and structural programming?
Object-oriented Programming
Follows a bottom-up approach.It provides data hiding.
It is used to solve complex problems.
It allows reusability of code that reduces redundancy of code.
It is based on objects rather than functions and procedures .
It provides more security as it has a data hiding feature.
It focuses on data .
More abstraction more flexibility.
Structural Programming
Follows a top-down approach.
. Data hiding is not allowed.
It is used to solve moderate problems.
Reusability of code is not allowed.
. It provides a logical structure to a program in which the program is divided into functions.
It provides less security as it does not support the data hiding feature.
More abstraction more flexibility.
Less abstraction less flexibility.
It focuses on the process or logical structure.

Java used for?
• It is used for developing Android Apps
• Helps you to create Enterprise Software
• Wide range of Mobile java Applications
• Scientific Computing Applications
• Use for Big Data Analytics
• Java Programming of Hardware devices
• Used for Server-Side Technologies like Apache,
JBoss, GlassFish, etc.

What is java;
Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed for having lesser implementation dependencies. It is a computing platform for application development. Java is fast, secure, and reliable, therefore. It is widely used for developing Java applications in laptops, data centers, game consoles, scientific supercomputers, cell phones, etc.

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. What is scope resolution operator in C++?
Scope resolution operator in c++ is denoted by double colon (::). It can be used:

– when there is a local variable with same name as of global variable
– When a function has to be defined outside a class
– When class’s static variables needs to be accessed
– When a class inside another class has to be referred
– In case of multiple Inheritance